Introducing Yourself in English

Learning how to introduce yourself is an essential  part of learning how to converse in English. Introductions are also an important part of making  small talk  at parties or other social events. Introductory phrases are different than the ones we use to  greet friends, but theyre often used together as parts of the broader conversation, as youll see. Introducing Yourself In this example, Peter and Jane are meeting for the first time at a social event. After greeting each other, they begin by asking simple personal questions.  Working with a friend or classmate, take turns  practicing this role-play. Peter:  Hello. Jane:  Hi! Peter:  My name is Peter. Whats your name? Jane:  My name is Jane. Nice to meet you. Peter:  Its a pleasure. This is a great party! Jane:  Yes, it is. Where are you from? Peter:  Im from Amsterdam. Jane:  Amsterdam? Are you German? Peter:  No, Im not German. Im Dutch. Jane:  Oh, youre Dutch. Sorry about that. Peter:  Thats OK. Where are you from? Jane:  Im from London, but Im not British. Peter:  No, what are you? Jane:  Well, my parents were Spanish, so Im Spanish, too. Peter:  Thats very interesting. Spain is a beautiful country. Jane:  Thank you. It is a wonderful place. Key Vocabulary In the previous example, Peter and Jane are introducing themselves. Several important phrases that they use in this exchange are: My name is...Where are you from?Im from... (city, state, or country)Are you... (Spanish, American, German, etc.) Introducing Other People Introductions in Formal Situations Introductions can occur between more than two people, for example at a party or at a business meeting. When you meet someone for the first time, it is common to greet them by saying, Its a pleasure to meet you, or Pleased to meet you. It is polite to respond by repeating the statement back at them, as Mary does in this example: Ken: Peter, Id like you to meet Mary. Peter: Its a pleasure to meet you. Mary: Its a pleasure to meet you too! Ken: Mary works for... Introductions in Informal Situations In informal situations, especially in North America, introductions are also made simply saying, This is (name). It is also common to just say Hi or Hello as a response in this informal setting. Ken: Peter, this is Mary. Peter: Hi. How are you? Mary: Hello! Pleased to meet you. Ken: Mary works for... Common Introductory Phrases As you can see in the previous examples, there are a number of different phrases that are commonly used to introduce  strangers: (name), I dont think youve met (name).I dont think you know (name)May I introduce you to (name)(name), do you know (name)?(name), Id like you to meet (name) Saying Hello and Goodbye Many people begin and end conversations by saying hello and goodbye to each other. Doing so is considered good manners in many parts of the English-speaking world, and its also a simple way to express friendly interest in whoever youre chatting with. A simple greeting followed by asking about the other person is all that is needed to begin an introduction. In this brief scenario, two people have just met: Jane: Hello, Peter. How are you? Peter: Fine, thanks. How are you? Jane: Im fine, thank you. Once youre finished speaking with someone, its customary to say goodbye as you both part, as in this example: Peter: Goodbye, Jane. See you tomorrow! Jane: Bye bye, Peter. Have a nice evening. Peter: Thanks, you too! Key Vocabulary Key phrases to remember include: Hello... How are you?Im fine, thank youGoodbyeSee you... (tomorrow, this weekend, next week, etc.)Have a nice... (day, evening, week, etc.) More Beginning Dialogues Once youre mastered introducing yourself, you can practice your English skills with more exercises, including telling time, shopping at a store, traveling at an airport, asking for directions, staying at a hotel, and eating at a restaurant. Work with a friend or classmate to practice these role-playing dialogues, just as you did for these exercises.

Child Poverty And Academic Achievement - 1448 Words

Child Poverty and Academic Achievement Francesca Diona University of San Francisco According to the National Center for Children in Poverty, over 16 million children (22%) in the United States live below the federal poverty level, which is $23,550 per year for a family of four. Research has shown that a family requires an income of about twice that amount just to cover basic needs and expenses. Using these statistics, 45% of children in the US live in low-income households. Most parents of low-income children are employed, but unsteady employment accompanied with low wages leave families struggling to make ends meet. The effects of poverty on children are numerous and long lasting, such as impaired learning ability as well as social, behavioral, and emotional difficulties. Childhood poverty can also contribute to poor physical and mental health. Research has shown that poverty is the greatest threat to s child’s well-being, but public policies can make a difference when they are implemented effectively. One of the most obvious and frequently researched consequences of child poverty is low academic achievement. Duncan et al. (1994) concluded that family income and poverty level remain the most powerful determining factors of the cognitive development of children even after many other factors such as family structure and parental education are considered. The same study also found that there was a positive correlation between family incomeShow MoreRelatedRisk Factors Associated With Poverty1541 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty involves a complex array of risk factors that harmfully affects the population in a multitude of ways. The primary risk factors commonly associated with families living in poverty are emotional and social challenges, acute and chronic stressors, cognitive delays, and health related issues (Jensen, 2009). 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Affecting all ages atRead MorePublic Housing Assistance Programs1214 Words   |  5 Pages In his paper, Olson differentiated between the government’s methods of public housing and delineating the benefits and costs of each. His paper focuses mainly on the heavy fiscal costs of public-based assistance, which he argues will perpetuate poverty (Olson, 2016). Most major research agrees that the current public housing system is in a state of disrepair and in need of reform (Goetz, 2014) (Solomon, 2005) (Utt 1996). Some wish to change the subsidy structure of the public housing projects.Read MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pages The No Child Left Behind Act was based on the Elementary Secondary Education Act of 1965. The act was established based on the promise of Thomas Jefferson to create a free public education system in Virginia (Hammond, Kohn, Meier, Sizer Wood, 2004). The act is now reauthorized as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The purpose of the No Child Left Behind Act was to make sure that children were given a fair, quality education. The act set out to close the achievement gaps in educationRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty And Student Achievement : Does Poverty Affect The Culture Of A School?1195 Words   |  5 Pages The Effect of Poverty and Student Achievement: Does Poverty Affect the Culture of a School? Veronica Curtis, B.A, M.Ed Stony Brook University ABSTRACT Research Questions The following research questions guided this study. Research Question One According to the research literature, what effect does poverty have on academic performance? Research Question Two According to the research literature, what is the influence of behavior management strategies andRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Middle Childhood Development1403 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty can have a strong influence on various kinds of development throughout middle childhood. It can alter socioemotional development, cognitive development, and physical health. (Evans, 2013). Parenting practices, neighborhoods, and overall environment play a significant role regarding to the emotional and physical health during development in middle childhood. Disruption with physical and emotional health could potentially cause harm to the child. In this essay, I will explain how poverty affectsRead MorePoverty is a Hidden Epidemic1175 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. (11) Poverty is a hidden epidemic that is on the rise. Poverty can affect anyone and its consequencest can be serious. Poverty can affect someone academically, socially, and emotionally. The topic of poverty is of interest to me because I live in a neighborhood that is in poverty and I am wondering why it is in poverty and the methods of alleviating it of poverty. In addition, I live in a neighborhood

Shareholder Activism Essay Free Essays

string(141) " is also noted that beneficial owners of shares can count towards the threshold in order to meet the 5% trigger \(Belloc and Pagano, 2009\)\." Can shareholder activism actually deliver the desired change? Introduction The increasing awareness of shareholders and their level of importance to the modern organisation have raised multiple questions as to the potential role which shareholders can play in influencing the decision making of the management team and their willingness to engage with a broad range of stakeholders. Where shareholders have an impact to any degree, this is referred to as shareholder activism and is largely described as being the role that shareholders play in dominating the decisions made by management teams (Bainbridge, 1995). Whilst it is readily accepted that shareholders own the company, whereas directors manage the company, there has historically been a misapprehension that shareholders are simply interested in the financial profits that the company produces. We will write a custom essay sample on Shareholder Activism Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is argued in this paper that this is not the case and shareholders are becoming much more involved in ensuring a balanced approach and that organisations have a wider awareness of issues such as corporate social responsibility (Schacht, 1995). The purpose of this paper is to consider whether or not this type of shareholder activism can actually be seen to be delivering a positive change, specifically in the area of corporate social responsibility. In order to look at this issue and the development of CSR, shareholder activism in its entirety needs to be looked at, before then considering the legal regime which encourages such activism and any specific cases that are relevant, before drawing conclusions on the key question. Shareholder activism – the Theoretical Perspective The management of an organisation has, for a long time, accepted that the performance of a business is down to them and that, if the shareholders are unhappy about the performance or the returns of the business they may potentially walk away from the organisation or the position of the manager may be in jeopardy. Where shareholders take this type of action on board, it can be suggested that shareholder activism is in operation. Broadly speaking, there are several key reasons why which investors may pursue the shareholder activist approach. Firstly, shareholder activism occurs in order to procure a better return on shareholder investment; secondly, to ensure that the company pursues a different corporate strategy that will ultimately improve performance and profitability, a key example of this being the suggestion that the company should demerge; thirdly, to make changes in the management team; fourthly in order to pursue some form of special interest, such as a social and ethical agenda (it is this agenda which will be looked at in more detail in the paper below). Finally, shareholder activism is undertaken to influence the outcome of some form of corporate agenda that has already been pursued (Tarrow, 1994). Shareholders have always had the option of essentially voting with their feet, when they disapprove of the decisions of the management team. For example, they can simply sell their shares, where traditionally the criticisms of management decisions would take place in private, with shareholders simply moving away when they were displeased. Although the concept of shareholder activism is not necessarily new, in recent years, it has certainly increased in its operation and become much more prevalent. Examples of recent shareholder activism include action by an institutional investor, Knight Vinke Asset Management which lobbied for changes in the HSBC strategy, or in Tesco where shareholders became involved in demanding changes in working conditions relating to clothes’ suppliers in Asia. Interestingly, shareholder activism does not depend on the size of the market, with shareholder activism being a tool that can be used in any type of organisation. Those holding shares are also potentially able to act in this way and therefore this lends a considerably more diverse meaning to the notion of shareholder activism, which can be derived from a much broader range of sources (Roe, 2003). With this potential diversity in mind, the next step is to look at the tools that are available for the activist shareholder and to identify the statutory basis upon which such action can take place. Legal Basis One of the key statutory powers which are available in order to support shareholder activism is that of the Companies Act 2006 (the Act). This Act lays down the legal framework which enables a shareholder to exercise any of their legal rights when they are pursuing an activist agenda. The precise options available to the shareholder will depend on the type of company in which they hold shares; for example, there are different rights attached to public companies. For the purpose of this analysis, all potential legal rights will be looked at and it should be borne in mind that these may not always be available, particularly to shareholders of private companies (Warneryd, 2005). In accordance with sections 303 to 305 of the Act, shareholders are able to call a general meeting. This is a strong element of the shareholder activism as it provides members with a platform in which they can make their requirements known. In the aftermath of the Shareholder Rights Directive 2009, members and groups of shareholders representing a minimum of 5% of the public companies voting rights are able to demand that the directors call a general meeting of the company. Similarly, where the directors choose to convene a general meeting there are rules associated with giving notice to the individual shareholders. This allows shareholders the opportunity to bring a platform upon which to discuss their own issues. Secondly, in accordance with sections 314 – 317, members with a shareholding of at least 5% or shareholders or that have at least 100 shares with an average of at least ?100 per member are entitled to demand that the company circulates a statement to shareholders of up to 1,000 words regarding a proposed resolution or any other business that is going to take place at the meeting. This again provides the shareholders with the information that they need in order to be potentially active. It is also noted that beneficial owners of shares can count towards the threshold in order to meet the 5% trigger (Belloc and Pagano, 2009). You read "Shareholder Activism Essay" in category "Essay examples" As well as the ability to gain access to the meeting and information in relation to the meeting, shareholders are also entitled to be active within the meeting itself. In accordance with section 338, shareholders holding a total of 5% shares can propose a resolution, a strategy that was used by the investor â€Å"efficient capital structures† but they required a resolution as part of the 2007 AGM of Vodafone plc to pursue a specific strategy. Furthermore, section 168 provides shareholders with the ability to propose the removal of the directors. Arguably, this is one of the greater sanctions available to shareholders, from the perspective of the individual directors. Where this process is being initiated, special notice of 28 days must be given of the intention to propose this resolution and to reasonably work in line with the articles of association of the company (Filatotchev, et al 2006). Importantly, section 116 of the Act allows any shareholders to gain access to the shareholder register which then may offer them the opportunity for the shareholders to join forces in order to deal with a particular agenda, making the ability to reach the 5% thresholds somewhat easier. There are, however, requirements for shareholders to ensure that when they are canvassing support they are doing so for the proper purpose. There are certain thresholds which allow shareholders to have rights, with 5% offering the opportunity to propose a resolution, to require an independent report in the case of quoted companies, the power to require companies to publish audit concerns, again in quoted companies, and also the power to include a matter that should be considered at AGM. When the required percent of the shareholders join forces, the power becomes much more threatening to the management team, as this is the requisite amount required a specific resolution. For example, at 75%, the shareholders can require a special resolution to be passed. The regime associated with proxies can play a very important role when it comes to shareholder activism with the 2006 Act making changes as to the way in which proxies can operate, allowing the property to be much more effective. For example, members have an absolute right to appoint a proxy who can attend a meeting and vote on their behalf. Another key area of shareholder activism emerged from the ability to use corporate representation, rather than using a proxy, as this allows shareholders a much greater degree of practical flexibility when they are unable to comply with proxy deadlines, or some other form of formality. Corporate shareholders are also able to appoint representatives by virtue of their own board resolution. Finally, it is worth noting that shareholders’ rights can be utilised by indirect investors. For example, under the 2006 Act, it is possible for the beneficial shareholders holding shares to enjoy information rights, i.e. to obtain information in relation to the company and in many cases the beneficial shareholders can count towards reaching the 5% thresholds. Although this goes beyond the scope of the discussion here, it is worth noting that these beneficial shareholders can have a direct impact on any agenda for shareholder activism. Examples of Shareholder Activism In order to gain an understanding of just how effective these legal provisions can be, the situation in Tesco can be looked at. In 2007, the poverty charity â€Å"War on Want† used the fact that it held a 5% shareholding in order to present a resolution at the 2007 AGM, with a view to ensuring a better deal for suppliers, in particular across Asia. The matter did not rest there and in June 2008 Tesco was targeted once again by a group of shareholders who were headed by an individual high- profile shareholder, to look at the living conditions of chickens, prior to their purchase by Tesco for sale. The shareholders in both these cases used section 338 of the Companies Act 2006, in order to demand resolutions relating to their individual issues. Once this resolution had been demanded, the company was required to circulate information relating to the resolution, as well as any supporting statements (Aguilera, 2005). This type of shareholder activism was seen to be successful in these individual cases and provided a real forum for the shareholders with a relatively minimal percentage to change the strategy and activities of the organisation itself. Tesco is not alone in facing these types of issues and many other large companies have also faced action from minimal shareholders, relating to specific issues such as wages for staff or supplier issues. This shows a clear indication of the willingness of shareholders to become much more active in putting their points forward and being willing to take on corporations by forcing resolutions to be placed and information to be provided to the broader shareholding (Hendry et al 2007). Analysis and Conclusions The question presented here is to consider whether or not shareholder activism can truly have an impact on organisations, when it comes to encouraging changes and improving corporate social responsibility within the organisation. By looking at the history of shareholder activism and the way in which shareholders are becoming much more willing to engage in the operation of the company, as well as examining the provisions of the 2006 Act which provide shareholders with the ability to undertake these activities, it is argued here that shareholder activism is a growing and real threat to management teams of all sizes. In particular, the 2006 Act offers a considerable opportunity for shareholders to demand information and to have certain items discussed at the AGM. By merely providing this platform for discussion, shareholders can become more active in order to ensure their ultimate agenda is not pursued. By looking at this and using a company such as Tesco as an example, it can be seen that groups of shareholders are gaining real attention and are able to have a direct and dramatic impact on the decisions made by the management teams, particularly when faced with the ultimate sanction that shareholders can request the removal of those directors who fails to comply (Gillan and Starks, 2000). It is concluded here, therefore, that shareholder activism is a real and direct method whereby shareholder groups can encourage changes in the strategy of the organisation relating to both corporate, social responsibility and any other relevant issues. References Aguilera, R.V. (2005) ‘Corporate governance and director accountability: An institutional comparative perspective’ British Journal of Management, 16: S39–S53. Bainbridge, S. M. (1995) The politics of corporate governance, Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Vol. 18 (3), pp. 671-735. Belloc, M. and Pagano, U. (2009) Co-evolution of politics and corporate governance, International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 29 (2), pp. 106-114. Filatotchev, I., Jackson, G., Gospel, H., and Allcock, D. (2006) Key Drivers of ‘Good’ Corporate Governance and the Appropriateness of UK Policy Responses The Department of Trade and Industry and King’s College London. Gillan, S.L. and Starks, L.T (2000) ‘Corporate governance proposals and shareholder activism: The role of institutional investors’ Journal of Financial Economics, 57 (2): 275- 305. Hendry, J., Sanderson, P., Barker, R. and Roberts, J. (2007) ‘Responsible ownership, shareholder value and the new shareholder activism’ Competition Change,11 (3): 223-240. Roe, M.J. (2003) Political Determinants of Corporate Governance: Political Context, Corporate Impact Oxford University Press. Schacht, K.N. (1995) ‘Institutional investors and shareholder activism: Dealing with demanding shareholders’ Directorship, 21 (5): 8-12. Tarrow, S. (1994) Power in Movement: Collective Action, Social Movements, and Politics in Marens, R. (2002) ‘Inventing corporate governance: The mid-century emergence of shareholder activism’ Journal of Business Management, 8 (4): 365. Warneryd, K. (2005) Special issue on the politics of corporate governance: Introduction, Economics of Governance, Vol. 6 (2), pp. 91-92. How to cite Shareholder Activism Essay, Essay examples

Malaysian Derivative Market

Question: Discuss about theMalaysian Derivative Market. Answer: The Background of the Derivatives Market in Malaysia The Malaysian derivative market has undergone various development to its present state since its establishment. Between 1980 and 1995, the market was dominated by or restricted to primarily the crude palm oil (CPO) futures. During this period, the CPO futures were being traded on the Kuala Lumpur Commodity Exchange (KLCE). With the passage of time, KLCE and the Financial Futures Exchange (KLOFFE) presently, Bursa Malaysia Derivative Berhad (BMD) were dominating in 1995 (Sadique and Silvapulle 2001). The BMD is 75 percent owned subsidiary of Bursa Malaysia Berhad and 25 percent belonging to the CME. In May 1996, the Malaysia Monetary Exchange (MME) was established to provide the fixed income derivatives (FID). During this period, the FID was known as three-month KLIBOR futures contract. In 1998, the KLCE and MME became Commodity and Monetary Exchange of Malaysia (COMMEX). In January 1999, the KLOFFE changed to the subsidiary of KLSE and in June 2001, KLOFFE merged with COMMEX to give rise to BMD. The BMD undertakes its operations under the close supervision of the SC. The Capital Market alongside the Services Act 2007 govern the BMD. BMD and Chicago Mercantile Exchange entered into a strategic partnership on September 17, 2009 (Sadique and Silvapulle 2001). Presently, Malaysia has one derivative exchange called Bursa Malaysia Derivative Berhad (BMDB). The BMDB utilized to be called Malaysia Derivative Exchange (MDEX), but this has since been changed saves to Bursa demutualization. The BMDB started on 11 June 2001 following a merger between KLOFFE and COMMEX. Even though COMMEX was the older, KLOFFE remained the exchange that ushered first derivative of Malaysia. Types of Derivatives Instruments Traded in Malaysia The BMD Company is regulated by the Securities Commission Malaysia and operates an offshore centre called the Labuan International Financial Exchange (LFX) established in November 2010. The options and futures on the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index remain the largest component of the derivatives complex. The complex also comprise futures on crude oil palm, and crude palm oil kernel. The single-stock futures had also been launched in April 2006, and they are Shariah-compliant like crude palm oil futures (Sadique and Silvapulle 2001). As mentioned above, BMDB remains the present Malaysian sole derivatives exchange. Provided its latest establishment, BMDBs history is actually that of KLOFFE and COMMEX. BMDB currently trades an aggregate of 9 derivative contracts. Out of these 9 derivative contracts, 7 are financial derivatives while the residual derivative contracts account for commodity contracts. The mentioned seven financial contracts are as listed below. 10-year MGS Futures (FMGA Three-month KLIBOR futures (FKB3) Three-year MGS Futures (FMG3) Five-year MGS Futures (FMG5) KLCI Index Options (OKLI) KLCI Stock Index Futures (FKLI) Single Stock Future (SSF) The KLCI Index Options (OKLI), KLCI Stock Index Futures (FKLI), and Single Stock Futures (SSF) are equity derivatives whereas the remaining 4 describe interest rate derivatives. The SSF are the latest entrant ushered at the end of April 2006. Of these nine derivative contracts on BMDB, the remaining 2 commodity contracts include: The Crude Palm Kernel Oil Futures Contracts The Crude Palm Oil Futures contracts. The evolutionary cycle of derivatives exchanges in this economy has likely hit its eventual point following the BMDB establishment. Malaysia had only three derivative exchanges that were trading three contracts as late as 1998. The Malaysian economy currently has a single exchange providing all four existing contracts following various rounds of mergers. The contracts of BMDB are traded on separate platforms despite being absorbed by Bursa. They also required distinct licensing arrangement to permit the stock brokers to trade the derivative contracts (Sadique and Silvapulle 2001). The Trading and Transactions of Derivatives Instrument Traded in Malaysia The transaction mechanisms on derivative exchanges is categorized into 2 wide groups. These groups are the screen/computerized based method open-outcry or Auction approach. Via the open-outcry method of transacting has been factually the backbone of the exchanges. Nevertheless, the screen base or electronic (computerized) trading is currently fast acquiring prominence. Most of the newer exchanges are wholly screen based, and this has compelled historical exchanges like London and Chicago exchanges to embrace electronic-oriented systems. The BMD offers commodity and financial derivatives such as crude palm oil futures (FCPO) and USD crude palm oil futures (FUPO) for trade in the CME-Globe electronic trading platform. Under the computerized or screen-based transaction and trading, the systems are anchored on a disturbed computer network. The client buys or sells orders rather than being channelled to a transaction floor. They are keyboarded in straight away into the committed terminuses in the offices of futures stockbrokers. The terminals are linked with the main frame CPU that serves as a matchmaker (Maurer 2002). The limited finest bids (buy) together with offer (sell) prices are displayed by the terminals. For instance, the present 5 uppermost offer prices, as well as the 5 lowermost offer prices, will be exhibited concurrently at the terminals. After an offer price is equivalent or greater compared to the least offer price, a deal then goes successful. Under the order steering or trade accomplishment, a customer who desires to trade derivatives first make a call to his futures agent (business). Subsequently, the representative of the stockbroker who answers the call then processes the order as well as time-stamps the order form then conveying on the material to the exchange floor. Upon hitting the booth of the business close to the interchange floor, the order form is further stamped and then conveyed to the appropriate transaction depths by the sprinters. Under the open outcry, the trading is aided using shouting out orders as well as by use of hand signals based on palm and fingers (Fratzscher 2006). A trader who wants to sell signals his intention through palm centrifugally with the amount of protracted fingers indicating the geometric prices. A purchase gesture will be designated by the palm facing backward with the numbers for contracts' quantity as well as prices being signposted by protracted fingers. The Prospect and Challenges Faced in this Malaysian Derivative Market Prospects The commodity futures has been singled out to be a zone of the derivative exchange potential of finding backing in the pertinent Shariah proof (Kamali 1999). The reason is those futures as well as options which derive from commodities particularly food grains and agricultural commodities could be utilized for many beneficial commitments. The commodity futures in Malaysia could be utilized as hedging instruments which safeguard agriculturalists as well as the food production sectors in contrast to the price risks over the time. Options and futures may as well be utilized in the concern of efficient and active planning by the marketplace stakeholders in both industrial and agricultural segments that could demand to have the safety of vending in advance rather than fronting the advertising at petite warning uncertainties particularly for the commodity which may solely be stowed over months instead of the years (Ameer 2009). From the Shariah perspective, all of these would fall, inside the wide latitude of interest of the public or the maslahah that is acknowledged evidence as well as the basis of judgment in Shariah. Nevertheless, the maslahahs validity in areas as well as matters that have resulted in controversy required to be discovered via valid Shariah evidence. This is the mainstream characteristic of the encounter faced in Malaysia regarding trading and transacting in derivatives. Challenges Despite the important progress and prospects seen in the Malaysian derivative market over the years, the market faces substantial challenges that will dictate its ability to efficiently and effectively to meet the needs of its constituent in the coming years. The future funding as well as the local economys needs will call for a parallel development of the derivative markets capacity to continue serving the constituents satisfactorily. This will particularly necessitate a close review of where the disparities as well as potential impediments to the process of development exist together with avenues for greater enhancement of value lies. The Malaysian derivative market has to remain cognizant of as well as exploit the advantage of alterations and opportunities within the global setting. Some of the primary issues and trends that the Malaysia has to address to sustain its derivative market while concurrently augmenting its role and efficiency in the long run include: Lingering impacts of the regional financial crisis Altering demands on the regulatory framework as well as authorities Discriminating global competition for investment and business Meeting the needs of the growing Malaysian economy References Ameer, R., 2009. Value-relevance of foreign-exchange and interest-rate derivatives disclosure: The case of Malaysian firms. The Journal of Risk Finance, 10(1), pp.78-90. Fratzscher, O., 2006. Emerging Derivative Market in Asia. EAP Flagship on Asian Financial Market and Development. Kamali, M.H., 1999. Prospects for an Islamic derivatives market in Malaysia. Thunderbird International Business Review, 41(4?5), pp.523-540. Maurer, B., 2002. Repressed futures: financial derivatives' theological unconscious. Economy and society, 31(1), pp.15-36. Othman, R. and Ameer, R., 2009. Market risk disclosure: evidence from Malaysian listed firms. Journal of Financial Regulation and compliance, 17(1), pp.57-69. Sadique, S. and Silvapulle, P., 2001. Long?term memory in stock market returns: international evidence. International Journal of Finance Economics, 6(1), pp.59-67.